1) Basic words
2) Commonly used words
3) Commonly used verbs
Lecture 1: Alphabets, basic questions
Revising basic words
Co / Czym
What. Co słychać? (What's up?)
Kto
Who. Kto to jest? (Who is this?). These two (Co and Kto can actually become cofusing in dialogue. Co to jest? (meaning: What is this?). And Kto to jest? (meaning: Who is this?)
Kogo
Whom
Gdzie
Where. Gdzie mieszkasz? (Where do you live?)
Kiedy
When. Kiedy weekend? (When is the weekend?)
Dlaczego
Why
just because
Eg: Dlaczego tak powiedziałaś? Bo tak meaning: "Why did you say so?" "Just because."
Eg: Dlaczego tak powiedziałaś? Bo tak meaning: "Why did you say so?" "Just because."
Kim
Who. Eg: Kim jesteś meaning "Who are you?"
Ile
How many? / How much?
less
more
I want. Eg: Dlaczego uczysz się polskiego? Bo chcę rozumieć i rozmawiać z Polkami.
Another expression similar to Chcę is mam ochotę na .... This is used commonly with reference to food. Eg: Mam ochotę na spaghetti.
Another expression similar to Chcę is mam ochotę na .... This is used commonly with reference to food. Eg: Mam ochotę na spaghetti.
Jak
This can be "How?", "What?", "Which?". It's not a clear conversion. This is different from Jaka/Jaki/Jakie that we see later.
Tutaj / Tu
Here
Tam
There
Teraz
Now/Here/Right now. On diki.
Your
My
Our. Eg: To jest nasza rodzina meaning: "This is our family".
His
It / This
alone / by herself
Eg: Mami idzie sama meaning: Mother goes alone.
Eg: Mami idzie sama meaning: Mother goes alone.
for
Eg: Mam dla ciebie prezent (I've got a gift for you).
Eg: Mam dla ciebie prezent (I've got a gift for you).
Already/Anymore. Eg: On zna już prawdę meaning: "He already knows the truth.". Już nie pracuję meaning: "I don't work anymore."
Ten/Ta/To
Different forms of "This...". The forms are for usage with On/Ona/Ono nouns resp.
Ja
I
You
do
In, into, and everything in between...
From
Eg: Li mieszka daleko od uniwersytetu.
Eg: Li mieszka daleko od uniwersytetu.
na
On, at, in, around. The list goes on
po
After/In. Eg: Co robisz po lekcji? meaning: What are you doing after class? Example of usage as "in": Studiujesz po polsku? meaning: "Are you studying in
Polish?"
Whether. Questions starting with Czy typically have a Tak / Nie (Yes/No) answer.
If
Eg: Wyjdź teraz, jeśli nie chcesz się spóźnić. Meaning: Leave now if you don't want to be late
Eg: Wyjdź teraz, jeśli nie chcesz się spóźnić. Meaning: Leave now if you don't want to be late
o
At. O Diki
A, I
And
Eg: A ty? meaning "And you?" or Tata i Emilia meaning Father and Emilia.
Eg: A ty? meaning "And you?" or Tata i Emilia meaning Father and Emilia.
w
In. Eg: Kenny jest w restauracji meaning "Kenny is in restaurant".
z
With
Tylko
Only
Albo
Either/Or
or
Ani
Neither
Ale
But
without
Eg: Wyjdź beze mnie. Meaning: Leave without me.
Eg: Wyjdź beze mnie. Meaning: Leave without me.
Maybe
through / by
Eg: rozmawiam przez telefon meaning: I am having a discussion on the telephone.
Still / Else. Eg: Coś jeszcze? meaning: "Anything else?"
Especially. Eg: Lubię sport, szczególnie tenisa meaning: "I like sports, especially tennis".
"I would like" / "I'll have".
Meaning on Translate is wrong.
Eg: Poproszę herbatę meaning: "I would like some tea."
Meaning on Translate is wrong.
Eg: Poproszę herbatę meaning: "I would like some tea."
again
Eg: Dziękujemy i zapraszamy ponownie meaning: "Thank you and we invite you again"
Eg: Dziękujemy i zapraszamy ponownie meaning: "Thank you and we invite you again"
later
within / inside
rather
Eg: Ona jest raczej miła dla ludzi meaning "She is rather nice to people."
Eg: Ona jest raczej miła dla ludzi meaning "She is rather nice to people."
"Same to you". It is commonly used as a response to smacznego, miłgo weekendu.
Jestem
I am
Imię / Nazywa
First name / Full name
Nazwisko
Last name
Rodzaj
Noun
Czasownik
Verb
Toaleta
- The one on the left is the women's, the one on the right is men's.
Revising words
mountain
umbrella
Really?!
language
foreign (diff. meaning on diki)
beautiful
country
państwo also means country. This is a homonym. Two words, same spelling, same pronunciation, but different meanings. We have already seen the other meaning of this word. Pan i Pani together are called Państwo.
państwo also means country. This is a homonym. Two words, same spelling, same pronunciation, but different meanings. We have already seen the other meaning of this word. Pan i Pani together are called Państwo.
football
footballer
factory
Book
receipt
Synonym: rachunek. When in shop or other places, we use paragon. But if we were in a cafe or a restaurant, we would ask for rachunek. Proszę rachunek.
Synonym: rachunek. When in shop or other places, we use paragon. But if we were in a cafe or a restaurant, we would ask for rachunek. Proszę rachunek.
painter
chess
question
word
kino/film
movie
okno
window
door
(bus/tram)stop / station
sister
brother
siblings
family
uncle
friends/colleagues
acquaintance
friend.
przyjaciel is for male friend, przyjaciółka is for female friend.
przyjaciel is for male friend, przyjaciółka is for female friend.
close relatives
people
next
room
garden
daily
It is not always that codziennie is written as a single word. Sometimes it can be written as follows: Co roku jeżdzimy na urlop do Włoch, bo kochamy klimat i kuchnię wloską. Here Co roku means every year. Similarly, Co tydzień would mean "every week", Co piątek would mean "every friday". Remember that Co by itself means "what". It is just when it is used in a structure like this that it becomes "every" instead.
It is not always that codziennie is written as a single word. Sometimes it can be written as follows: Co roku jeżdzimy na urlop do Włoch, bo kochamy klimat i kuchnię wloską. Here Co roku means every year. Similarly, Co tydzień would mean "every week", Co piątek would mean "every friday". Remember that Co by itself means "what". It is just when it is used in a structure like this that it becomes "every" instead.
often
always
Eg: Zawsze będę cię kochać. (I will always love you.)
Opposite: Nigdy nie (meaning: never)
Eg: Zawsze będę cię kochać. (I will always love you.)
Opposite: Nigdy nie (meaning: never)
money
ATM
emergency/ambulance
fire brigade
station
loud
hungry
Eg: Czy jesteś głodny? Jestem taki głodny.
Eg: Czy jesteś głodny? Jestem taki głodny.
whole/entire
apartment
swimming pool
hour
song
daughter
parents
classroom
table
bag
Synonym: reklamówka
Synonym: reklamówka
backpack
binder for document
(black/white) board
mug/cup
elastic rubber
pencil
chair
refridgerator
key (lock and key)
notebook
teacher
dictionary
cat
dog
bicycle
menu card
city
star
sky
cloud
snow
rainbow
colorful
building
shop
drink/beverage
game
end
big
Example: duży dom Opposite: mały (small)
Example: duży dom Opposite: mały (small)
small
Example: mały dom
Opposite: duży (big)
Example: mały dom
Opposite: duży (big)
cool (slang)
market
hair dresser
male
female
fashionable/trendy
young
happy
me too
sick
Opposite: zdrowy (healthy)
Opposite: zdrowy (healthy)
healthy
Opposite: chory (sick)
Opposite: chory (sick)
tall
Opposite: niski (short)
Opposite: niski (short)
slim/slender
Opposite: gruby (fat)
Opposite: gruby (fat)
nasty/horrible
wooden
armchair
grass
last/final
electronic mouse
pleasant/friendly
pretty
Example: ładny ogród
Example: Dziś jest ładna pogoda. (The weather is nice today).
Opposite: brzydki
Example: ładny ogród
Example: Dziś jest ładna pogoda. (The weather is nice today).
Opposite: brzydki
rich
Opposite: biedny
Opposite: biedny
poor
Opposite: bogaty
Opposite: bogaty
Enjoy your meal
handsome
Opposite: brzydki (ugly)
Opposite: brzydki (ugly)
difficult
easy
hard
Opposite: miękki
Opposite: miękki
soft
Opposite: twardy
Opposite: twardy
a little
Opposite: bardzo (meaning: a lot/very)
Opposite: bardzo (meaning: a lot/very)
unfortunately
weather
cold
Opposite: ciepły
Opposite: ciepły
warm
Opposite: zimny
Opposite: zimny
tired
Eg: Dlaczego jesteś zmęczony? Bo dużo pracuję.
Eg: Dlaczego jesteś zmęczony? Bo dużo pracuję.
nose
walk
right
left
circle
triangle
waitress
sad
Opposite: wesoły
Opposite: wesoły
cheerful
Opposite: smutny (sad)
Opposite: smutny (sad)
hot
ugly
Opposite: przystojny (handsome), ładny (pretty)
Opposite: przystojny (handsome), ładny (pretty)
cheap
Opposite: drogi (expensive)
Eg: tani samochód
Opposite: drogi (expensive)
Eg: tani samochód
lazy
busy/hard-working
fat.
Opposite: szczupły (slim/slender)
Opposite: szczupły (slim/slender)
closed
open
short
Opposite: wysoki
Opposite: wysoki
dirty
clean
expensive
Example: drogi samochód Opposite: tani (cheap)
Example: drogi samochód Opposite: tani (cheap)
person
husband
wife
favorite
- The word is coming from lubić which we have seen means "to like".
- The word is coming from lubić which we have seen means "to like".
writer
- The word is coming from pisać which we have seen means "to write".
- The word is coming from pisać which we have seen means "to write".
summer
cake
eg. sernik (cheese cake). Ser means "cheese". szarlotka meaning "Apple Pie".
eg. sernik (cheese cake). Ser means "cheese". szarlotka meaning "Apple Pie".
donut
dry
eg. it can be used to describe a type of wine: wytrawne wino
eg. it can be used to describe a type of wine: wytrawne wino
vacation
far away
Opposite: blisko
Opposite: blisko
near/close
Opposite: daleko
Opposite: daleko
nervous/upset
gallant
skeptical
optimistic
tolerant
attractive
capital
optimistic
stupid
Opposite: mądry
Opposite: mądry
clever
Opposite: głupi (stupid)
Opposite: głupi (stupid)
talented
new
Opposite: stare (old)
Opposite: stare (old)
old
Opposite: nowy (new)
Opposite: nowy (new)
dark
Example: ciemny piwo
Opposite: jasny (bright)
Example: ciemny piwo
Opposite: jasny (bright)
bright
Example: jasny piwo
Opposite: ciemny (dark)
Example: jasny piwo
Opposite: ciemny (dark)
comfortable
Example: wygodny fotel
Opposite: niewygodny
Example: wygodny fotel
Opposite: niewygodny
gentle
Example: łagodny psa (gentle dog)
Opposite: agresywnego
Example: łagodny psa (gentle dog)
Opposite: agresywnego
ice-cream
similar
example
never
long / long time
short time / briefly
each / every.
On diki, the base form of the word is każdy.
Usage: Każdego dnia (every day), Każdego tygodnia (every week), Każdego miesiąca (every month), Każdego roku (every year).
On diki, the base form of the word is każdy.
Usage: Każdego dnia (every day), Każdego tygodnia (every week), Każdego miesiąca (every month), Każdego roku (every year).
today
shopping
ski
tomorrow
yesterday
lunch/dinner
aeroplane
smoothly/fluently
Example: Umiem płynnie mówić po angielsku (meaning: I can speak English fluently.)
Example: Umiem płynnie mówić po angielsku (meaning: I can speak English fluently.)
soup
ready
Example: Czy jesteś gotowy? (Are you ready?)
Example: Czy jesteś gotowy? (Are you ready?)
Retired/Pensioner
vegetable
Some examples are:
pomidor:
Some examples are:
pomidor:
tomato
, cebula:onion
, ziemniak:potato
, papryka:bell pepper
, brokół:brocolli
, dynia:pumpkin
, sałata:lettuce
, ogórek:cucumber
, pieprz:pepper (check pronunciation)
, grzyb:mushroom
, pieczarki:spicy mushroom ?
, czosnek:garlic
, kapusta:cabbage
, dynia:pumpkin
, por:that long onion thing
, kukurydza:corn
, szpinak:spinach
, groch/groszek:peas
, bakłażan:brinjal
,
fruit
Some examples are:
truskawka:
Some examples are:
truskawka:
strawberry
, malina:raspberry
, śliwka:plum
, pomarańcza:orange
, masłem orzechowym:peanut butter
, jagoda:blueberry
, mak:poppy seeds
, pietruszka:parsley
, marchewka:carrot
, rzodkiewka:radish
, cukinia:zucchini
, burak:beetroot
, gruszka:pear
, wiśnia:cherry
, winogrona:grapes
, grejpfrut:grapefruit
, arbuz:watermelon
, brzoskwinia:peach
,
some kind of prepared (cured) meats
eg. szynka:
mięso is what we call raw meat. For example: kurczak:
eg. szynka:
ham
, kiełbasa:sausage
, kabanosy:kinda like sausage, but thinner?
.mięso is what we call raw meat. For example: kurczak:
chicken
, parówka:sausage/frankfurter
, rosół:chicken broth
, owoce morza:seafood
, krewetki:shrimp / prawn
, homary:lobster
, wołowina:beef
, kotlet schabowy:pork chop
, wieprzowy:pig's
,
breakfast
food
eg. płatki śniadaniowe:
eg. płatki śniadaniowe:
breakfast cereal
, płatki owsiane:oats
, sałatka:salad
, kanapka:sandwich
, jajecznica:scrambled eggs
, twarożek:cottage cheese
, naleśnik:pancake
, owsianka:porridge
, gofry:waffle
, bitą śmietana:whipped cream
,
times of the day
Some examples are:
rano/ranek:
Some examples are:
rano/ranek:
morning
, przedpołudnie:forenoon
, południe:noon (also means south direction)
, popołudnie:afternoon
, wieczór:evening
, noc:night
, północ:midnight (also means south direction)
utensils
Utensils with images on the other page.
Some examples are:
łyżka:
Utensils with images on the other page.
Some examples are:
łyżka:
spoon
, łyżeczka:teaspoon
, talerz:normal plate
, talerzyk:saucer / small plate
, widelec:fork
, kubek:mug
, filiżanka:tea cup
, szklanka:glass
, nóż:knife
, czajnik:kettle
, garnek:cooking pot
, kieliszek:wine glass
, miska:bowl
, serwetka:napkin
, patelnia:frying pan
, ocet:vinegar
, wykałaczka:toothpick
,
bakery
pieczywo would mean the baked goods present inside a piekarnia.
pieczywo would mean the baked goods present inside a piekarnia.
gym
the world
Eg: podrózować po świecie meaning: "travel the world".
Eg: podrózować po świecie meaning: "travel the world".
the same
Eg: Ja wezmę kawę, a ty? To samo (meaning: I'll take coffee, and you? The same.)
Eg: Ja wezmę kawę, a ty? To samo (meaning: I'll take coffee, and you? The same.)
photograph
It has two meanings: "lock" as in lock and key. Second meaning is "castle" as in Wawel Castle.
bookstore
poorly
Eg: Mówie słabo po polsku. meaning: "I speak Polish poorly".
Eg: Mówie słabo po polsku. meaning: "I speak Polish poorly".
average / medium
height
all
Eg: Czy to wszystko? (Is it all?)
Eg: Czy to wszystko? (Is it all?)
farmer
waiter
clerk, someone in official spot (government)
doctor
medicines
journalist
chef
exercise
Eg: like "Exercise number 3" or something
Eg: like "Exercise number 3" or something
unemployed
teeth
Check the correct meaning on diki. Translate is wrong.
Check the correct meaning on diki. Translate is wrong.
government
soldier
postman
firefighter
driver
village
pharmacy
foreigners
workshop
Eg: warsztat samochodowy (garage)
Eg: warsztat samochodowy (garage)
temporarily
salesman. Think like the cashier in a shop. Like the shopkeeper.
i to, i to
a little bit of both
Eg: Lubisz aktualny literaturą czy stara? I to i to. A little bit of both.
Eg: Lubisz aktualny literaturą czy stara? I to i to. A little bit of both.
train (railway)
ship
meat
short
Opposite: długi
Opposite: długi
long
Opposite: krótki
Opposite: krótki
sweets / sugar confectionery
sweet
Eg: Cukier jest słodki
Opposite: kwaśny
Eg: Cukier jest słodki
Opposite: kwaśny
sour
Eg: Cytryna jest kwasny.
Opposite: słodki
Eg: Cytryna jest kwasny.
Opposite: słodki
salty
bitter
spicy
boring
full
Eg: Szklanka jest pełna. (meaning: The glass is full)
Opposite: pusta
Eg: Szklanka jest pełna. (meaning: The glass is full)
Opposite: pusta
empty
Opposite: pełna
Eg: Szklanka jest pusta. (meaning: The glass is empty)
Opposite: pełna
Eg: Szklanka jest pusta. (meaning: The glass is empty)
fridge
party
birthday
beverages
for FREE!!!
kitchen / cuisine
healthy
week
beginning
price
New Year's Eve
important
Of course!
Eg: Chcesz ciasta? Oczywiście, że chcę! "Do you want cake?" "Of course I do!"
Eg: Chcesz ciasta? Oczywiście, że chcę! "Do you want cake?" "Of course I do!"
back
(as in the text on the button on websites that you can click to the previous page)
(as in the text on the button on websites that you can click to the previous page)
next / further
(as in the text on the button on websites that you can click to proceed)
(as in the text on the button on websites that you can click to proceed)
delicious
Eg: Moja mama gotuje pyszny barszcz. Meaning: My mother cooks delicious borscht (beetroot soup).
Eg: Moja mama gotuje pyszny barszcz. Meaning: My mother cooks delicious borscht (beetroot soup).
market stall / booth that is set up on the street
letter
Like the physical letter that you write.
Like the physical letter that you write.
cigarette
together
Eg: Chodźmy tam razem meaning "Let's go there together."
Eg: Chodźmy tam razem meaning "Let's go there together."
It depends
the news
open road market
father
wonderful
art
diary
preferably
Similarly, we have chętnie meaning: willingly, gladly
Similarly, we have chętnie meaning: willingly, gladly
firstly / originally
potem meaning "later"
potem meaning "later"
mistake
concession / reduced
For example if there was a reduced price of ticket for students, it would say: bilet ulgowy. Otherwise it would say bilete normalny.
For example if there was a reduced price of ticket for students, it would say: bilet ulgowy. Otherwise it would say bilete normalny.
early
Eg: Julia często budzi się bardzo wcześnie.
Eg: Julia często budzi się bardzo wcześnie.
classroom, or just a room/hall
interesting
Always
Usually
Often
Sometimes. It comes from the word Czas which means "time".
Another synonym for czasami is od czasu do czasu. Czasem also means the same thing.
Another synonym for czasami is od czasu do czasu. Czasem also means the same thing.
Rarely
Never
half
Eg: pół roku meaning: half year
Eg: pół roku meaning: half year
grave / tomb
Congratulations!!
witch
pharmacy
travel agency
jewelry store
bracelet
earring
birthday cake
cosmetic store
haircut
flower shop
shoes
laundry
fresh
Eg: świeży chleb
Eg: świeży chleb
croissant
Translate is incorrect.
Translate is incorrect.
bread roll
trip / tour
cash
Eg: "How do you want to pay?" "Cash." ("Jak chcesz zapłacić?" "Gotówką.")
Eg: "How do you want to pay?" "Cash." ("Jak chcesz zapłacić?" "Gotówką.")
sparkling / aerated
Eg: gazowany wodę. (Sparkling Water)
Opposite: Niegazowany (Still Water)
Eg: gazowany wodę. (Sparkling Water)
Opposite: Niegazowany (Still Water)
soap
watch
Like the thing that you wear on the wrist.
Like the thing that you wear on the wrist.
wallet
shopping basket
shopping trolley
county fair
It's like the shops that are set out on the streets for Christmas.
It's like the shops that are set out on the streets for Christmas.
waffles
cream (that you put on top of food items)
Eg: bitą śmietana meaning "whipped cream".
Eg: bitą śmietana meaning "whipped cream".
tissue / handkerchief
lighter (for eg: cigarette lighter)
potato fries
sandwich
trousers
(medical) ointment
dairy products
The word is built from biały which means white. And dairy products are white. So...
The word is built from biały which means white. And dairy products are white. So...
beach
sea
green beans
wheat products
raspberry
deposit
Eg: Kaucja za każdy kubek to 15zl. meaning "The deposit for each cup is PLN 15."
Eg: Kaucja za każdy kubek to 15zl. meaning "The deposit for each cup is PLN 15."
damage / harm / shame
rye (as in rye bread)
piece
Eg: kawałek tego ciasta meaning: "piece of this cake"
Eg: kawałek tego ciasta meaning: "piece of this cake"
tight
neighbor
soap
strong
Eg: Lubię mocną kawę meaning: "I like strong coffee".
Eg: Lubię mocną kawę meaning: "I like strong coffee".
weak
fat
Eg: tłuste mleko meaning milk with more percentage of fat.
Eg: tłuste mleko meaning milk with more percentage of fat.
skinny
Eg: chude mleko meaning milk with less percentage of fat, ie. skimmed milk.
Eg: chude mleko meaning milk with less percentage of fat, ie. skimmed milk.
message
meal
calm
funny
accessories
oil
flour
frozen foods
snacks (salted)
oven
fresh
Eg: świeży bazylię
Opposite: suszony
Eg: świeży bazylię
Opposite: suszony
dried
Eg: suszony bazylię
Opposite: świeży
Eg: suszony bazylię
Opposite: świeży
ripe
Eg: Banany nie są jeszcze dojrzałe meaning "The bananas aren't ripe yet".
top
Eg: Czy natka marchewki jest jadalna? meaning "Is carrot top edible?"
Eg: Czy natka marchewki jest jadalna? meaning "Is carrot top edible?"
root
pickled
souvenirs
dragon
hat
painting/picture/image (normally the decoration that you can hang on the wall)
bell
sword
box
ink pen
mirror
flip flops
Commonly used verbs
Commonly used verbs
pytać
to ask
to watch
otwierać
to open
to close
znać
to know
czekać
to wait
to clean
wiedzieć
to know
mieć
to have
studiować
to study
to rest
wymienić
to exchange
literować
to spell
podrózować
to travel
śpiewać
to sing
to swim
to dress/put on clothes
czytać
to read
odpowiadać
to answer
to love
to listen
rozumieć
to understand
umieć
to be able to (do something)
Eg: Nie umiem grać na pianinie meaning: I can't play the piano.
Eg: Nie umiem grać na pianinie meaning: I can't play the piano.
to eat
to drink
pracować
to work
rozmawiać
to talk
mówić
to speak
When there are two or more people involved that are talking, we use rozmawiać, if it is a single person talking, then we say mówić. Ie. monologue = mówić, dialogue = rozmawiać.
When there are two or more people involved that are talking, we use rozmawiać, if it is a single person talking, then we say mówić. Ie. monologue = mówić, dialogue = rozmawiać.
opowiadać
to talk
biegać
to run
wracać
to come back
robić
to do
to feel/sense
Eg: Idę do lekarza, bo bardzo złe się czuję.
Eg: Idę do lekarza, bo bardzo złe się czuję.
to see
to stroll / to walk
to walk
- Check pronunciation. It's not said like you think it is.
- It can also mean "to go". Then we can form phrases with it like chodzić na siłownię meaning "to go to the gym", or chodzić do kina meaning "to go to the cinema".
- In Polish, we describe "to go somewhere" in two ways: one is chodzić, other is jeździc. chodzić is when we are going somewhere by foot, jeździc is when we are going somewhere by driving.
- Check pronunciation. It's not said like you think it is.
- It can also mean "to go". Then we can form phrases with it like chodzić na siłownię meaning "to go to the gym", or chodzić do kina meaning "to go to the cinema".
- In Polish, we describe "to go somewhere" in two ways: one is chodzić, other is jeździc. chodzić is when we are going somewhere by foot, jeździc is when we are going somewhere by driving.
to ride
Eg: jeździć na rowerze meaning: "ride a bicycle", jeździć na nartach meaning: "ride a ski" or in other words to ski.
Eg: jeździć na rowerze meaning: "ride a bicycle", jeździć na nartach meaning: "ride a ski" or in other words to ski.
to go
Eg: Idę do lekarza, bo bardzo złe się czuję.
Eg: Dlaczego idziecie do sklepu? Bo lodówka jest pusta.
Eg: Idę do lekarza, bo bardzo złe się czuję.
Eg: Dlaczego idziecie do sklepu? Bo lodówka jest pusta.
to drive
to go to
We use this only when we are going to some place by transport. This is not used when we are going by walking to some place.
Eg: Jadę na uniwersytet rowerem. Jadę is another version of jechać. So it translates to: I'm going to university by bike.
We use this only when we are going to some place by transport. This is not used when we are going by walking to some place.
Eg: Jadę na uniwersytet rowerem. Jadę is another version of jechać. So it translates to: I'm going to university by bike.
to repair
Eg: Mechanik naprawia samochód
Eg: Mechanik naprawia samochód
to think
to end
to dance
to pay
Eg: Ile płace is used to ask the cost of the total. If you wanted to ask the cost of a specific item you would say ile kosztuje?
Eg: Ile płace is used to ask the cost of the total. If you wanted to ask the cost of a specific item you would say ile kosztuje?
to learn
(Source) Note about: uczyć się vs. nauczyć się. uczyć is an imperfective verb. it basically implies that you're in the process of learning (or teaching if it's not reflexive), that it's a currently processing, unfinished action. nauczyć is perfective, so it refers to the same action except that it's already finished - you have already learnt/taught the thing. That's why it's not used in a simple present tense, that would be like saying "I am having learnt".
Examples:
"Uczę się angielskiego" — I'm learning/studying English.
"Nauczyłam się tego dawno" — I've learnt that a long time ago
"Uczę w szkole podstawowej" — I teach at an elementary school
"Nauczyłam go kilka angielskich zdań" — I've taught him a few English phrases
All in all, this is a very important grammatical aspect (literally) of Slavic languages
(Source) Note about: uczyć się vs. nauczyć się. uczyć is an imperfective verb. it basically implies that you're in the process of learning (or teaching if it's not reflexive), that it's a currently processing, unfinished action. nauczyć is perfective, so it refers to the same action except that it's already finished - you have already learnt/taught the thing. That's why it's not used in a simple present tense, that would be like saying "I am having learnt".
Examples:
"Uczę się angielskiego" — I'm learning/studying English.
"Nauczyłam się tego dawno" — I've learnt that a long time ago
"Uczę w szkole podstawowej" — I teach at an elementary school
"Nauczyłam go kilka angielskich zdań" — I've taught him a few English phrases
All in all, this is a very important grammatical aspect (literally) of Slavic languages
to teach
Note the words uczyć and uczyć się. The addition of się completely changes the meaning of the word. This is not normal, this occurence is more of an exception. Timestamp explaining difference.
Note the words uczyć and uczyć się. The addition of się completely changes the meaning of the word. This is not normal, this occurence is more of an exception. Timestamp explaining difference.
to sleep
to wake up
to get up (like the act of physically standing up)
Eg: On wstał i zamknął okno meaning: He stood up and closed the window.
Eg: On wstał i zamknął okno meaning: He stood up and closed the window.
to fly
Eg: Znam samoloty, lubię latać. (I know airplanes, I like to fly).
Eg: Znam samoloty, lubię latać. (I know airplanes, I like to fly).
to cost
to rain
to have to
Ex: musi iść do doktora (meaning: to have to go to the doctor. iść means "to go").
Ex: Alicja nie musi gotować, bo jej mąż jest świetnym kucharzem.
Ex: musi iść do doktora (meaning: to have to go to the doctor. iść means "to go").
Ex: Alicja nie musi gotować, bo jej mąż jest świetnym kucharzem.
to train / to practice
to meet
to paint
to sketch
grać
to play
eg. grać w piłkę nożną meaning: "to play football", or grać w siatkówkę meaning: "to play volleyball", grać w koszykówkę meaning: to play basketball, grać w gry komputerowe: play computer games
eg. grać w piłkę nożną meaning: "to play football", or grać w siatkówkę meaning: "to play volleyball", grać w koszykówkę meaning: to play basketball, grać w gry komputerowe: play computer games
to do...
Eg: In Polish, we don't say robić sport, we instead say uprawiać sport. grać is used when we are talking about a specific sport. For eg. we may say grać w tenisa, grać w szachy. But if we are talking generally, we would say uprawiać sport.
Eg: In Polish, we don't say robić sport, we instead say uprawiać sport. grać is used when we are talking about a specific sport. For eg. we may say grać w tenisa, grać w szachy. But if we are talking generally, we would say uprawiać sport.
to go sightseeing / to visit / to tour
to choose
to prefer
Example: Czy umiesz jezdzić na nartach? Tak, ale nie lubie. Woleć "snowboarding".
Example: Czy umiesz jezdzić na nartach? Tak, ale nie lubie. Woleć "snowboarding".
to exercise / to practice
to heal / to cure
to purchase
to live
can
Different forms are: mogę, możesz, może, możemy, możecie, mogą.
Eg: Mogę ci pomóc, jeśli chcesz. Meaning: I can help you if you want to. Mogę here is the modified version of móc.
Well it gets even weirder. Czy możesz... means "Can you..?". Możesz is again another form of the verb. Usage in a sentence would be like Czy możesz ten chodzić ten klub? Tak, mogę chodzić ten fitness klub. Timestamp to lecture that discusses this question.
można also seems to be another form of "you can". You can use it in a sentence like: Gdzie można kupic tshirta?.
Different forms are: mogę, możesz, może, możemy, możecie, mogą.
Eg: Mogę ci pomóc, jeśli chcesz. Meaning: I can help you if you want to. Mogę here is the modified version of móc.
Well it gets even weirder. Czy możesz... means "Can you..?". Możesz is again another form of the verb. Usage in a sentence would be like Czy możesz ten chodzić ten klub? Tak, mogę chodzić ten fitness klub. Timestamp to lecture that discusses this question.
można also seems to be another form of "you can". You can use it in a sentence like: Gdzie można kupic tshirta?.
to leave
Eg: Wychodzę za 10 minut. Meaning: I leave in 10 minutes.
Eg: Wychodzę za 10 minut. Meaning: I leave in 10 minutes.
to like
Similar to lubić
Similar to lubić
to take
Eg: Dlaczego bierzesz parasol? Bo pada deszcz.
Different forms are: biorę, bierzesz, bierze, bierzemy, bierzecie, biorą.
Eg: Dlaczego bierzesz parasol? Bo pada deszcz.
Different forms are: biorę, bierzesz, bierze, bierzemy, bierzecie, biorą.
to look for
to check
Eg: Proszę sprawdzić teraz meaning: Please check now.
Eg: Proszę sprawdzić teraz meaning: Please check now.
to call someone (over phone)
to smoke
Eg: Chciałbyś papierosa? Nie palę. Meaning: "Would you like a cigarette?" "I don't smoke."
Eg: Chciałbyś papierosa? Nie palę. Meaning: "Would you like a cigarette?" "I don't smoke."
to refuel (a petrol tank)
to translate / to explain
to laugh
to visit
to want
to iron (clothes)
to confirm
Eg: When you pay by card at the supermarket, you will see "Potwierdzenie" which means confirmation.
Eg: When you pay by card at the supermarket, you will see "Potwierdzenie" which means confirmation.
to pick, to collect
On jest zajęty zbieraniem jabłek meaning: He is busy picking apples.
On jest zajęty zbieraniem jabłek meaning: He is busy picking apples.
to add
to ask for / to request
to roast
Eg: Ona kupiła i uprażyła kukurydzę meaning "She bought and roasted the corn."
Eg: Ona kupiła i uprażyła kukurydzę meaning "She bought and roasted the corn."
to hit
Eg: Nie możesz bić go bez powodu meaning "You can't hit him without a reason."
Eg: Nie możesz bić go bez powodu meaning "You can't hit him without a reason."
to finish
to commend
to recommend
to get to know
to freeze
Eg: Mam mrożona kawa meaning: "I have frozen coffee".
Eg: Mam mrożona kawa meaning: "I have frozen coffee".
to order
Eg: Czy mogę zamówić pizzę? meaning: Can I order a pizza?
to cry
to propose
Eg: Czy mogę ci zaproponować drinka meaning "Can I offer you a drink?"
Eg: Czy mogę ci zaproponować drinka meaning "Can I offer you a drink?"